In African Americans, the condition is more common, starts at a younger age, and is more severe than in other populations. Hypertension can have a variety of causes. Secondary hypertension results from other disorders that raise blood pressure in addition to other problems. Rare, genetic forms of hypertension are caused by mutations in particular genes, many of which help control the balance of fluids and salts in the body and affect blood pressure. The causes of essential hypertension, however, are not well understood.
Essential hypertension is a complex condition with a variety of factors, both genetic and environmental, contributing to its development. More than genetic variations have been associated with essential hypertension. While these variations have been found more commonly in people with essential hypertension than in unaffected individuals, none are common causes of the condition. The most-studied genetic association in essential hypertension is with genes involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a step-wise process that produces hormones to regulate blood pressure and the balance of fluids and salts in the body. Because these genes play an integral role in normal blood pressure control, researchers suspect that variations in them might impair blood pressure control and contribute to hypertension.
Other genes associated with essential hypertension are important for the normal function of the lining of blood vessels the vascular endothelium. Changes in these genes are thought to impair this cell layer endothelial dysfunction.
Such changes may result in vessels that are abnormally constricted or narrowed, which raises blood pressure. Still other genes have been linked to hypertension risk, although the roles most of them play in development of the condition are still unclear. Environmental factors also contribute to hypertension. In addition to race and age, activity level, alcohol consumption, and salt intake influence blood pressure. Other disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, and obstructive sleep apnea also increase the risk of developing hypertension.
Researchers suspect epigenetic changes to the DNA also play a role in development of essential hypertension.
They can affect gene activity and the production of proteins, which may influence blood pressure. Hypertension tends to run in families. Individuals whose parents have hypertension have an elevated risk of developing the condition, particularly if both parents are affected.
However, the inheritance pattern is unknown. Blood pressure chart Blood pressure cuff: Does size matter? Blood pressure: Does it have a daily pattern? Blood pressure: Is it affected by cold weather? Blood pressure medication: Still necessary if I lose weight? Blood pressure medications: Can they raise my triglycerides? Blood pressure readings: Why higher at home? Blood pressure test Blood pressure tip: Get more potassium Blood pressure tip: Get off the couch Blood pressure tip: Know alcohol limits Blood pressure tip: Stress out no more Blood pressure tip: Watch the caffeine Blood pressure tip: Watch your weight Blood sugar levels can fluctuate for many reasons Blood sugar testing: Why, when and how Bone and joint problems associated with diabetes How kidneys work Build resilience to better handle diabetes Bump on the head: When is it a serious head injury?
Caffeine and hypertension Calcium channel blockers Calcium supplements: Do they interfere with blood pressure drugs? Can whole-grain foods lower blood pressure? Diabetes and foot care Diabetes and Heat Diabetes and menopause Diabetes and summer: How to beat the heat Diabetes and travel: Planning is key Diabetes and electric blankets 10 ways to avoid diabetes complications Diabetes diet: Should I avoid sweet fruits?
Diabetes diet: Create your healthy-eating plan Diabetes foods: Can I substitute honey for sugar? Diabetes and liver Diabetes management: Does aspirin therapy prevent heart problems? Diabetes management: How lifestyle, daily routine affect blood sugar Diabetes: Eating out Diabetes nutrition: Sweets Diabetes symptoms Diabetes treatment: Can cinnamon lower blood sugar? Using insulin Diuretics Diuretics: A cause of low potassium?
Diuretics: Cause of gout? Dizziness Do infrared saunas have any health benefits? Do you know your blood pressure? Does obstructive sleep apnea increase my risk for Alzheimer's disease? Drug addiction substance use disorder High blood pressure and exercise Fibromuscular dysplasia Free blood pressure machines: Are they accurate? Home blood pressure monitoring Glomerulonephritis Glycemic index: A helpful tool for diabetes?
Guillain-Barre syndrome Headaches Know your type Headaches and hormones Headaches: Treatment depends on your diagnosis and symptoms Is chocolate healthy? Herbal supplements and heart drugs High blood pressure hypertension High blood pressure and cold remedies: Which are safe? High blood pressure and sex High blood pressure: Can you prevent it? How opioid addiction occurs How to get used to positive airway pressure PAP therapy How to tell if a loved one is abusing opioids How to use opioids safely Hunter syndrome Hypertensive crisis: What are the symptoms?
Hypothermia IgA nephropathy Berger's disease Improve obstructive sleep apnea with physical activity Insulin and weight gain Insulin therapy options Intensive insulin therapy Intracranial hematoma Isolated systolic hypertension: A health concern? Kratom for opioid withdrawal L-arginine: Does it lower blood pressure? Late-night eating: OK if you have diabetes? Preventing lead exposure Lead poisoning Living better with obstructive sleep apnea Low-phosphorus diet: Helpful for kidney disease?
Making sense of obstructive sleep apnea treatments Diabetes and carbs Medications and supplements that can raise your blood pressure Menopause and high blood pressure: What's the connection? Molar pregnancy MRI: Is gadolinium safe for people with kidney problems? Porphyria Postpartum preeclampsia Preeclampsia Prescription drug abuse Primary aldosteronism Pulse pressure: An indicator of heart health?
Reading food labels Renal diet for vegetarians Resperate: Can it help reduce blood pressure? Sleep tips Vegetable recipes Blood sugar testing Snoring Snoring solution: Sleep on your side Spider bites Stress and headaches: Stop the cycle Stress and high blood pressure Symptom Checker Takayasu's arteritis Tapering off opioids: When and how Tetanus Tetanus shots: Is it risky to receive 'extra' boosters?
The dawn phenomenon: What can you do? Tips for cutting costs of blood glucose test strips Infographic: Transplant for Polycystic Kidney Disease Treating pain: When is an opioid the right choice? Vasodilators Vegetarian diet: Can it help me control my diabetes? Vesicoureteral reflux Video: Heart and circulatory system How diabetes affects your blood sugar How to measure blood pressure using a manual monitor How to measure blood pressure using an automatic monitor Obstructive sleep apnea: What happens?
Learn more about cholesterol. In addition to high blood pressure, having obesity can also lead to heart disease and diabetes. Talk to your health care team about a plan to reduce your weight to a healthy level. Tobacco use increases your risk for high blood pressure. Smoking can damage the heart and blood vessels. Nicotine raises blood pressure, and breathing in carbon monoxide—which is produced from smoking tobacco—reduces the amount of oxygen that your blood can carry.
Family members share genes, behaviors, lifestyles, and environments that can influence their health and their risk for disease. High blood pressure can run in a family, and your risk for high blood pressure can increase based on your age and your race or ethnicity. When members of a family pass traits from one generation to another through genes, that process is called heredity.
Genes likely play some role in high blood pressure, heart disease, and other related conditions. However, it is also likely that people with a family history of high blood pressure share common environments and other potential factors that increase their risk. The risk for high blood pressure can increase even more when heredity combines with unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as smoking and eating an unhealthy diet. Family health history is a record of the diseases and health conditions people in your family have had.
Family health history is a useful tool for understanding health risks and preventing disease. Both men and women can have high blood pressure. Some other characteristics that you cannot control—such as your age, race, or ethnicity—can affect your risk for high blood pressure. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. High Blood Pressure.
0コメント