Avoid contact with other people while you are sick. If you need medical care abroad, see Getting Health Care Abroad. Note: Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. For this reason, some items on this page will be unavailable. For more information about this message, please visit this page: About CDC. Travelers' Health. Typhoid Fever. What can travelers do to prevent typhoid fever? Page last reviewed: December 01, Home Travelers Health.
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The incubation period for typhoid fever is typically 6 to 30 days, and 1 to 10 days for paratyphoid fever. Blood culture is the mainstay of diagnosis.
Stool and urine cultures are positive less frequently. Multiple cultures are usually needed to identify the pathogen. Serologic tests, such as the Widal test, are not recommended because of the high rate of false positives. Antimicrobial resistance in typhoid fever has been increasing. Most typhoid and paratyphoid fever infections diagnosed in the United States are caused by strains not susceptible to fluoroquinolones.
Therefore, do not use fluoroquinolones for empiric treatment while awaiting susceptibility results. Patients who have traveled to Pakistan should be treated with azithromycin for uncomplicated suspected typhoid fever and carbapenems for severe or complicated disease. Treatment can be adjusted when culture and sensitivity results are available.
CDC has not made estimates for Salmonella Paratyphi. Global estimates An estimated 11—21 million cases of typhoid fever and , deaths occur worldwide each year. An estimated five million cases of paratyphoid fever occur worldwide each year. Diagnosed cases In the United States, about patients are diagnosed with typhoid fever and 90 patients are diagnosed with paratyphoid fever annually.
Most illnesses are in people who report recent travel to countries where the diseases are common , such as India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.
Minus Related Pages. What are typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever? How many people get typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever each year? Where are the diseases most common? How are typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever spread? You can get typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever if You eat food or drink a beverage that has been touched by a person who is shedding getting rid of Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi in their poop and who has not washed their hands thoroughly after going to the bathroom.
Sewage contaminated with Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi gets into water you drink. Sewage contaminated with Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi gets into water used to rinse food you eat raw.
What happens if you eat or drink something contaminated with Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi? How can I protect myself from typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever? If you are planning to travel outside the United States, you should do the following: Get vaccinated against typhoid fever there is no vaccine against paratyphoid fever. Find out how to avoid getting sick from food and drinks.
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