In facilities where amniocentesis is performed regularly, the rates are closer to 1 in Miscarriages can occur because of infection in the uterus, water breaking, or labor being induced prematurely. Although extremely rare, it is possible for the needle to come in contact with the baby. Great precautions are taken by using a sonogram to guide the needle away from the baby. The mother may experience sharp pain when the needle enters the skin and again when it enters the uterus.
Following the completion of the procedure, the mother may experience other side effects that include:. The reasons to test or not vary from person to person and couple to couple. Performing the tests and confirming the diagnosis provides you with certain opportunities:. Some individuals or couples may elect not to pursue testing or additional testing for various reasons:.
It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of testing thoroughly with your healthcare provider. Your healthcare provider will help you evaluate if the benefits from the results could outweigh any risks from the procedure. Williams Obstetrics Twenty-Second Ed. Cunningham, F. Gary, et al, Ch. Johnson, Robert V. How is amniocentesis performed?
When is amniocentesis performed? What does the amniocentesis test look for? What do amniocentesis results mean? What are the risks and side effects to the mother or baby? Following the completion of the procedure, the mother may experience other side effects that include: Cramping Leakage of fluid Minor irritation around the puncture site Contact your healthcare provider if these complications continue or get worse.
What are the reasons to test or not test? But amniocentesis or other diagnostic tests may be recommended if you have an increased risk of having a baby with a birth defect.
You and your ob-gyn can discuss all of the testing options and your individual risk factors. Your risk of having a baby with a birth defect may be higher if you are 35 or older, or if you have. It can be helpful to think about what you would do if the result comes back positive. Some people want to know if their child will be born with a genetic disorder.
This gives them time to learn about the disorder and plan for medical care the child may need. If the disorder is very serious and the life expectancy is short, hospice care for the baby can be planned.
Some people may decide to end the pregnancy in certain situations. Other people do not want to know this information before the child is born. They may decide not to have any testing at all. There is no right or wrong answer. Amniocentesis: A procedure in which amniotic fluid and cells are taken from the uterus for testing.
The procedure uses a needle to withdraw fluid and cells from the sac that holds the fetus. Cells: The smallest units of a structure in the body.
Cells are the building blocks for all parts of the body. Chromosomes: Structures that are located inside each cell in the body. Cystic Fibrosis CF : An inherited disorder that causes problems with breathing and digestion. Down Syndrome Trisomy 21 : A genetic disorder that causes abnormal features of the face and body, medical problems such as heart defects, and mental disability. Most cases of Down syndrome are caused by an extra chromosome 21 trisomy Fetus: The stage of human development beyond 8 completed weeks after fertilization.
Genetic Counselor: A health care professional with special training in genetics who can provide expert advice about genetic disorders and prenatal testing. Hepatitis B: An infection caused by a virus that can be spread through blood, semen, or other body fluid infected with the virus. Hepatitis C: An infection caused by a virus that can be spread by sharing needles used to inject drugs.
Hospice Care: Care that focuses on comfort for people who have an illness that will lead to death. Placenta: An organ that provides nutrients to and takes waste away from the fetus. Screening Test: A test that looks for possible signs of disease in people who do not have signs or symptoms. Sickle Cell Disease: An inherited disorder in which red blood cells have a crescent shape.
The disorder causes chronic anemia and episodes of pain. Tay—Sachs Disease: An inherited disorder that causes mental disability, blindness, seizures, and death, usually by age 5.
Ultrasound Exam: A test in which sound waves are used to examine inner parts of the body. During pregnancy, ultrasound can be used to check the fetus. Uterus: A muscular organ in the female pelvis. During pregnancy, this organ holds and nourishes the fetus. An amniocentesis is a procedure that extracts amniotic fluid i. Amniocentesis can detect several hundred genetic conditions, including Down syndrome, Tay-Sachs and sickle cell anemia. Unlike chorionic villus sampling CVS , in which a sample of tissue is taken from the placenta, an amnio can also rule out neural tube defects such as spina bifida.
An amnio does not, however, detect every kind of abnormality, including cleft lip or palate. And it can't determine the severity of the problem. Amniocentesis is usually performed between week 16 and week 20, though it can be performed up until you give birth. The risks from amniocentesis — to both you and your baby — are rare.
However, some complications that can occur include:. You'll lie flat on your back for this procedure, with a drape placed over you, leaving just your belly exposed. Your abdomen will be cleaned with an antibacterial solution to prevent infection.
An ultrasound will be performed to locate the position of the amniotic sac along with the fetus and placenta so your doctor can steer clear of them during the procedure. A long, very thin, hollow needle is inserted into your abdomen and uterus, into the fluid-filled amniotic sac. Your practitioner will be looking for a spot away from the baby, where there is a good pocket of fluid to withdraw — about two tablespoons are all that's needed.
Don't worry, your body will quickly produce more amniotic fluid to replace what's withdrawn. You may feel a sting from the needle, and some pain and cramping, but this is normal and tends to be mild. If you're carrying multiples, your practitioner may need to perform the procedure more than once to take a separate sample from each baby. If you're Rh negative which is determined through Rh factor testing , you'll be given an injection of Rh-immune globulin RhoGAM after amniocentesis to be sure the procedure does not result in Rh problems.
From start to finish, an amnio takes about 30 minutes though most of the time even less , but most of that is the setup and ultrasound — the needle-sticking part only takes a couple of minutes.
After the procedure, you'll be able to drive yourself home, though some doctors recommend that you have someone else there to drive you just to be on the safe side. You'll probably be told to take it easy for a few hours to a full day.
You may wish to avoid sex, heavy lifting, strenuous exercise and flying for the next one to three days.
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