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Connect with a doctor now. Get help now: Ask doctors free Educational text. Can you chew nicotine gum while trying to quit smoking , i'm 3 weeks pregnant? James Ferguson answered. Is nicotine gum still cancerous? Andrew Turrisi answered.
Radiation Oncology 47 years experience. The idea of patches is that they taper the dose Does nicotine gum hurt liver? Alan Ali answered. Nicotine gum: Nicotine gum can constrict blood vessels, and long-term use has been associated with gum disease, although rare. How can nicotine gum affect a non-smokers lungs? Adam Front answered. Clinical Psychology 27 years experience.
No lung effect ofGum: Nicotine gum has no effect on the lungs of the person chewing it. It is, however, addictive. People who quit smoking by chewing nicotine gum will st I'm addicted to nicotine gum should i be worried? A Verified Doctor answered. Serotonin content of developing embryos of sea urchin and loach. Perinatal exposure to nicotine causes deficits associated with a loss of nicotinic receptor function.
Nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy. Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in the nursing mother and her infant. Acta Paediatr. Accelerated metabolism of nicotine and cotinine in pregnant smokers. Risks and benefits of nicotine to aid smoking cessation in pregnancy. Drug Saf. Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on pregnancy complications and sudden infant death syndrome. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in snuff users. Behavioral and neural consequences of prenatal exposure to nicotine.
Child Adolesc. Smoking during early pregnancy affects the expression pattern of both nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in human first trimester brainstem and cerebellum. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of moist snuff in humans. A pharmacokinetic crossover study to compare the absorption characteristics of three transdermal nicotine patches.
Perinatal nicotine exposure impairs ability of newborn rats to autoresuscitate from apnea during hypoxia. Threshold levels of maternal nicotine impairing protective responses of newborn rats to intermittent hypoxia.
Influence of maternal smoking on autonomic nervous system in healthy infants. Fung YK. Postnatal behavioural effects of maternal nicotine exposure in rats. Prenatal nicotine affects catecholamine gene expression in newborn rat carotid body and petrosal ganglion. Sex-linked differences in avoidance learning in the offspring of rats treated with nicotine during pregnancy.
Psychopharmacology Berl. Does in utero exposure to heavy maternal smoking induce nicotine withdrawal symptoms in neonates? Mouth versus deep airways absorption of nicotine in cigarette smokers. Arteriovenous differences in plasma concentration of nicotine and catecholamines and related cardiovascular effects after smoking, nicotine nasal spray, and intravenous nicotine. Gupta P. Smokeless tobacco use in India. Socio-demographic characteristics of tobacco use among 99, individuals in Bombay, India using hand-held computers.
Gupta PC, Sreevidya S. Smokeless tobacco use, birth weight, and gestational age: population based, prospective cohort study of women in Mumbai, India. Gupta PC, Subramoney S. Smokeless tobacco use and risk of stillbirth a cohort study in Mumbai, India.
Gupta R. Smoking, educational status and health inequity in India. Indian J. Fetal tobacco syndrome and perinatal outcome. Fetal Diagn. Cardiorespiratory effects of nicotine exposure during development. Prenatal nicotine exposure blunts the cardiorespiratory response to hypoxia in lambs.
Care Med. Postnatal nicotine exposure does not further compromise hypoxia defense mechanisms in prenatally nicotine-exposed lambs. Dose-response of birth weight to various measures of maternal smoking during pregnancy. Multimodal intervention raises smoking cessation rate during pregnancy. Acta Obstet. Regional distribution of nicotinic receptors during prenatal development of human brain and spinal cord.
Hellstrom-Lindahl E, Nordberg A. Smoking during pregnancy a way to transfer the addiction to the next generation? Nicotine-induced alterations in the expression of nicotinic receptors in primary cultures from human prenatal brain. Hiley C, Morley CJ. Evaluation of government's campaign to reduce risk of cot death. Influences of maternal cigarette smoking on infant arousability.
Early Hum. Cognitive educational, and behavioural outcomes at 7 to 8 years in a national very low birthweight cohort. Fetal Neonatal Ed. Metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine. The Swedish snus and the Sudanese toombak: are they different? Oral Oncol. Minor tobacco alkaloids as biomarkers for tobacco use comparison of users of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, cigars, and pipes. Public Health.
Chronic nicotine treatment counteracts the disappearance of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies, dendrites and terminals in the mesostriatal dopamine system of the male rat after partial hemitransection. Perinatal exposure to aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke produces airway hyperresponsiveness in older rats.
Jonsson G, Hallman H. Effects of neonatal nicotine administration on the postnatal development of central noradrenaline neurons. Acta Physiol. Nicotine protects cultured cortical neurons against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity via alpha7-neuronal receptors and neuronal CNS receptors. Medullary serotonergic network deficiency in the sudden infant death syndrome: review of a year study of a single dataset. Some acute effects of smoking in sheep and their fetuses.
The effects of maternal smoking on fetal and infant mortality. Krishna K. Tobacco chewing in pregnancy. Trends in smoking during pregnancy, Wisconsin to Morphogenetic roles of acetylcholine. Health Perspect. Smoking during pregnancy and newborn neurobehavior. Prenatal nicotine exposure and cognitive performance in rats. Lewis K, Bosque E. Deficient hypoxia awakening response in infants of smoking mothers:possible relationship to sudden infant death syndrome. Prenatal adverse effects of nicotine on the developing brain.
Luck W, Nau H. Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and urine of infants exposed via passive smoking or milk from smoking mothers. Extent of nicotine and cotinine transfer to the human fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid of smoking mothers.
Lumley J. Stopping smoking. Downregulation of nicotinic receptor function after chronic nicotine infusion. Mattar F, Sibai BM. Prevention of preeclampsia. Development of cholinergic innervation in the hippocampal formation of the rat. Histochemical demonstration of acetylcholinesterase activity. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in neonatal rat brain regions caused by acute nicotine administration.
Plasma nicotine levels produced by chewing nicotine gum. Mehta A, Shukla S. Tobacco and pregnancy. Further evidence of an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: findings from a high-risk sample of siblings. Child Psychol. Milerad J, Sundell H. Nicotine exposure and the risk of SIDS. ABC of smoking cessation Nicotine replacement therapy. Cas Lek Cesk. Maternal and fetal cardiovascular effects of nicotine infusion in pregnant sheep.
Nicotine administration to rats: methodological considerations. Life Sci. Quantitative changes in choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities. Perinatal effects of nicotine. Prenatal nicotine exposure impairs beta-adrenergic function: persistent chronotropic subsensitivity despite recovery from deficits in receptor binding. Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on development of central and peripheral cholinergic neurotransmitter systems.
Evidence for cholinergic trophic influences in developing brain. Prenatal exposure to nicotine impairs nervous system development at a dose which does not affect viability or growth. Prenatal exposure to nicotine via maternal infusions effects on development of catecholamine systems. International Child Care Practices Study infant sleep position and parental smoking. How do we best detect toxic effects of drugs taken during pregnancy? A EuroMap paper. Effects of transdermal nicotine or smoking on nicotine concentrations and maternal-fetal hemodynamics.
Nicotine replacement prescription practices of obstetric and pediatric clinicians. Owen L, Penn G. A survey of knowledge attitudes and behaviour Health Development Agency London. Transplacental transfer and biotransformation studies of nicotine in the human placental cotyledon perfused in vitro. Multiple serotonergic brainstem abnormalities in sudden infant death syndrome. Prenatal smokeless tobacco effects on the rat fetus.
Behavioral effects of prenatally administered smokeless tobacco on rat offspring. Global aspects of tobacco use its implications for oral health. In: H. Control of tobacco related cancers and other diseases, proceedings of an international symposium. Bombay: Oxford University Press; Catecholamine-mediated reduction in uterine blood flow after nicotine infusion in the pregnant ewe. Richardson SA, Tizabi Y.
Hyperactivity in the offspring of nicotine-treated rats: role of the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways. Prenatal nicotine exposure increases apnoea and reduces nicotinic potentiation of hypoglossal inspiratory output in mice. Roy TS, Sabherwal U.
Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on the morphogenesis of somatosensory cortex. Prenatal nicotine exposure evokes alterations of cell structure in hippocampus and somatosensory cortex. Adrenal-mediated rather than direct effects of nicotine as a basis of altered sex steroid synthesis in fetal and neonatal rat. The nicotine inhaler: clinical pharmacokinetics and comparison with other nicotine treatments. Smoking and drinking during pregnancy. Their effects on preterm birth. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.
Cochrane Database Syst. Effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on biphasic hypoxic ventilatory response and protein kinase C expression in caudal brain stem of developing rats. Simpson WJ. A preliminary report on cigarette smoking and the incidence of prematurity. Slotkin T. Consensus on postnatal deficits: comparability of human and animal findings. Slotkin TA. Fetal nicotine or cocaine exposure which one is worse? Cholinergic systems in brain development and disruption by neurotoxicants nicotine, environmental tobacco smoke, organophosphates.
Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on neuronal development selective actions on central and peripheral catecholaminergic pathways.
Effects of maternal nicotine injections on brain development in the rat: ornithine decarboxylase activity, nucleic acids and proteins in discrete brain regions. Loss of neonatal hypoxia tolerance after prenatal nicotine exposure implications for sudden infant death syndrome.
Impact of fetal nicotine exposure on development of rat brain regions: critical sensitive periods or effects of withdrawal?
Development of [3H]nicotine binding sites in brain regions of rats exposed to nicotine prenatally via maternal injections or infusions. Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on biochemical development of rat brain regions: maternal drug infusions via osmotic minipumps. Perinatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke upregulates nicotinic cholinergic receptors in monkey brain.
Socialstyrelsen, Tobacco habits in Sweden. Swedish Medical Board. The effects of prenatal nicotine on radial-arm maze performance in rats. Heart rate response to transient chemoreceptor stimulation in term infants is modified by exposure to maternal smoking.
The influence of maternal cigarette smoking, snuff use and passive smoking on pregnancy outcomes the Birth To Ten Study. Nasal nicotine spray a rapid nicotine delivery system. Predictors of early school age outcomes in very low birth weight children. Thorngren-Jerneck K, Herbst A. Low 5-minute Apgar score a population-based register study of 1 million term births.
Assessing the nicotine content of smokeless tobacco products. Identification of attentional and hyperactivity problems in primary care: a report from pediatric research in office settings and the ambulatory sentinel practice network. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychopathology in offspring followed to adulthood.
Smoking cessation guidelines for health professionals an update. Health Education Authority. Professor Jeremy Pearson, Associate Medical Director at the British Heart Foundation, said: 'This study provides further evidence that nicotine exposure during pregnancy not only has immediate harmful effects on the foetus, but may increase the risk of heart and circulatory disease in children as they grow up.
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